B. Nā ʻāpana metala paʻa

1. Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hana ʻana:

E hoʻololi i ke kahe o ka ʻāpana o ka mea i kahe i ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana.

E hana i nā ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā kaʻina hana hana ʻē aʻe.He kūpono loa nā ʻāpana forged no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana pōʻino a pilikia ʻole paha, e like me ke kaʻa i nā mīkini kaʻa.

Hiki ke hana i ka nui o na ano.

Hiki ke hana i nā ʻāpana nui loa.

Maikaʻi loa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana mīkini.

2. Nā pōʻino o ka hana ʻana:

Ka nele o ka mana ma luna o ka microstructure.

Aia ka nui o ka noi no ka hana lua, e hoʻonui ana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka manawa hāʻawi o ka papahana.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i nā bearings porous, carbide cemented a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea metala hui ʻia.

Me ka ʻole o ka mīkini, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me nā hoʻolālā maʻalahi

He pipiʻi ka hana ʻana o ka mold, ʻaʻole makemake ʻia ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka hana pōkole.

3. Inā makemake ʻoe e kaupaona i nā pono a me nā hemahema o ka forging a me ka pauka metallurgy, ʻo ia paha ke ʻimi nei ʻoe i kahi kaʻina hana e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka hana kumukūʻai kūpono.ʻOi aku ka nui o kāu nānā ʻana i kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana i kāu mau papahana papahana.Maikaʻi ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kekahi mau kūlana, ʻoiai maikaʻi ʻo PM i nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, pili ia i ka mea āu e makemake ai e hoʻokō.Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana a me ke kaʻina hana, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenehana metallurgy pauka e nā leaps a me nā palena.I kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea kupanaha me nā metala pauka-e ʻike i ka hana a nā mea hana o ka sintering wela kiʻekiʻe.I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka hoʻonui wale ʻana i ka mahana sintering ma 100° a 300°F hiki ke hoʻopuka i nā hopena maikaʻi loa ma kēia mau wahi: ka ikaika, ka ikehu hopena, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ma kekahi mau wahi, he hopena maikaʻi ke kala ʻana.Ma kēia mea, ʻaʻohe mea e hana koke i nā kila I-beams mai ka pauka metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​crowbars.Akā i ka hiki ʻana mai i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me nā hoʻolālā paʻakikī, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka pauka metallurgy i ka forging.Ke komo nei mākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana (e like me nā ʻenekini uila i ka hoʻolālā kaʻa e ulu nei), e pāʻani nui ana ka pauka metallurgy.I ka wā e pāʻani ai nā mea e like me ka affordability, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hui metala, maopopo ka PM i ka wā e hiki mai ana.ʻOiai hiki i ka forging ke hāʻawi i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa, pono ia e uku nui i ke kumu kūʻai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka metala pauka kuʻuna.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā kaʻina hana o kēia lā, hiki i nā metala pauka kuʻuna ke hāʻawi i ka hana i koi ʻia e kāu noi me ka hoʻemi nui ʻana.